Vulnerability Assessment

Socio-economic vulnerability indicators and adaptive capacity analysis by district

Average Poverty Rate

34.6%

Across all districts

Healthcare Access

62.2%

Population with access

Water Access

67.4%

Population with safe water

Adaptive Capacity

47.0%

Average capacity index

Vulnerability Index by District

Composite index combining sensitivity and adaptive capacity

Formula:

Vulnerability Index = (Sensitivity Index + (1 - Adaptive Capacity)) / 2

Informal Settlements

Population living in unplanned areas by district

Vulnerability Indicators by District

District	Poverty Rate	Literacy	Healthcare	Water Access	Housing Index	Vulnerability	Level
Kigamboni	42.8%	78.9%	48.0%	55.2%	0.42	85%	very high
Temeke	38.4%	82.3%	58.0%	62.8%	0.48	78%	very high
Ilala	32.1%	86.5%	68.0%	71.2%	0.55	68%	high
Ubungo	31.2%	88.1%	65.0%	69.5%	0.52	62%	high
Kinondoni	28.5%	89.2%	72.0%	78.5%	0.62	52%	medium

Gender-Sensitive Vulnerability Analysis

How climate vulnerability impacts women and men differently across Dar es Salaam

Avg Female Poverty Rate

36.2%

Male: 28.6%

Avg Gender Vulnerability

0.70

Composite index (0–1)

Female-Headed Households

32.2%

Average across districts

Female Financial Access

35.6%

Bank/mobile money access

Gender Vulnerability Index by District

Higher values indicate greater gender-based climate vulnerability

Gendered Poverty Rates by District

Adaptive Capacity Gap: Women vs Men

Water Collection Burden & Care Economy

Daily water collection time (primarily borne by women and girls)

Kigamboni

minutes/day

Temeke

minutes/day

Ilala

minutes/day

Kinondoni

minutes/day

Ubungo

minutes/day

Gender-Disaggregated Vulnerability Indicators

District	♀ Poverty	♂ Poverty	FHH %	♀ Literacy	♂ Literacy	♀ Decision	GVI	Level
Kigamboni	48.2%	37.5%	38.5%	60.5%	76.0%	12.0%	0.88	very high
Temeke	38.5%	30.2%	35.8%	68.2%	80.5%	15.0%	0.78	high
Ilala	35.2%	27.6%	32.1%	72.8%	84.5%	18.0%	0.72	high
Kinondoni	28.4%	22.8%	28.5%	78.5%	88.2%	22.0%	0.58	medium
Ubungo	30.5%	25.0%	26.2%	76.0%	86.0%	24.0%	0.55	medium

FHH = Female-Headed Households | GVI = Gender Vulnerability Index | ♀ Decision = Women in local decision-making bodies

Gender-Climate Vulnerability Nexus

• Kigamboni has the highest gender vulnerability index (0.88) — 48.2% female poverty rate vs 37.5% male, with only 12% of women in decision-making roles
• Female poverty rates are 5–11 percentage points higher than male rates across all five districts
• Water collection burden ranges from 32 min/day (Ubungo) to 72 min/day (Kigamboni), disproportionately affecting women and girls
• Only 8.5–18.5% of women hold land titles, limiting their adaptive capacity and access to climate finance
• Female literacy gap of 10–16 percentage points constrains access to early warning systems and climate information

Gender Analysis Methodology

Data Sources: Tanzania DHS 2022, NBS Gender Statistics, UN Women Tanzania, World Bank Gender Data

Gender Vulnerability Index: Composite of gendered poverty gap, adaptive capacity gap, care burden, and decision-making participation (0–1 scale)

Exposure Gap: Difference in proportional hazard exposure between women and men, accounting for livelihood patterns

Key Vulnerability Findings

• Kigamboni shows highest vulnerability (85%) due to high poverty, limited healthcare access, and coastal exposure
• 70% of population lives in informal settlements lacking proper drainage and sanitation
• Adaptive capacity varies significantly: Kinondoni (58%) vs Kigamboni (35%)
• Water access below 80% in most districts, increasing vulnerability during droughts and floods

Vulnerability Assessment Methodology

Data Sources: Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, DHS surveys, local government records

Sensitivity Index: Combines poverty rate, housing quality, and infrastructure access

Adaptive Capacity: Based on literacy, healthcare access, income levels, and institutional capacity

Vulnerability Index: V = (S + (1 - AC)) / 2, normalized to 0-1 scale